Preheat the oven to 350°F / 175°C. Generously butter a 6" cake pan. Crumple up a small sheet of parchment paper, then un-crumple it and place it into the buttered cake pan. Press it tightly to the bottom and sides of the pan, then set aside. This will give you an easy way to lift the cake out of the pan! It will leave the sides looking a little rustic, so if you'd prefer a cleaner look: generously butter the cake pan, then coat it with sugar or cocoa powder.
Add the cocoa powder and instant espresso (if using) to a medium sized mixing bowl.
Heat the milk in a large microwave safe bowl or liquid measuring cup until it's hot and starts to foam up (you'll want it to be larger bowl/cup to avoid the milk spilling over into your microwave)
Immediately pour the hot milk over the cocoa powder. Stir the mixture together until it's cohesive and there's no lumps.
Add in the vegetable oil, sugar, egg, and sour cream. Whisk vigorously until combined.
Add in the flour, baking powder, and salt. Gently fold the dry ingredients into the wet ingredients just until the last streak of flour disappears into the batter.
Pour the chocolate cake batter into your prepared 6" cake pan. Bake for 30-35 minutes. To check for doneness: I recommend using a thermometer for the best results: when stuck into the middle of the cake the thermometer should read 205°F / 96°C. The cake is also done when the center no longer jiggles and the top becomes more firm.
Allow the cake to rest in the cake pan for at least 15 minutes before transferring it out to a cooling rack.